![]() It has a head shaped like cauliflower but consists of many tiny flower buds. Purple cauliflower or violet cauliflower is a type of broccoli grown in Europe and North America. Sprouting broccoli (white or purple) has a larger number of heads with many thin stalks. It has large 10-to-20-centimetre (4–8 in) green heads and thick stalks. The most familiar is Calabrese broccoli, often referred to simply as "broccoli", named after Calabria in Italy. There are three commonly grown types of broccoli. The plant develops numerous little "heads" from the lateral shoots which can be harvested later. Broccoli is collected by hand immediately after the head is fully formed yet the flowers are still in their bud stage. The growth season for broccoli is 14–15 weeks. Violet, yellow or even white heads have been created, but these varieties are rare. The inflorescence grows at the end of a central, thick stem and is dark green. ![]() īroccoli is very similar to cauliflower, but unlike it, its floral buds are well-formed and clearly visible. Description Broccoli flowerīroccoli is an annual plant which can grow up to 60–90 cm (20–40 in) tall. After the Second World War, the breeding of the United States and Japanese F1 hybrids increased yields, quality, growth speed, and regional adaptation, which produced the cultivars commonly grown since then: 'Premium Crop', 'Packman', and 'Marathon'. Broccoli was spread to northern Europe by the 18th century and brought to North America in the 19th century by Italian immigrants. Broccoli has its origins in primitive cultivars grown in the Roman Empire and was most likely improved via artificial selection in the southern Italian Peninsula or in Sicily. History īroccoli resulted from the breeding of landrace Brassica crops in the northern Mediterranean starting in about the sixth century BC. The word broccoli, first used in the 17th century, comes from the Italian plural of broccolo, which means "the flowering crest of a cabbage", and is the diminutive form of brocco, meaning "small nail" or "sprout". oleracea), also called colewort or field cabbage. Like all the other brassicas, broccoli was developed from the wild cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. ![]() italica was described in 1794 by Joseph Jakob von Plenck in Icones Plantarum Medicinalium 6:29, t. Broccoli plants in a nursery Close-ups of broccoli florets (click to enlarge) Taxonomy īrassica oleracea var. Rapini, sometimes called "broccoli rabe", is a distinct species from broccoli, forming similar but smaller heads, and is actually a type of turnip ( Brassica rapa). Contents of its characteristic sulfur-containing glucosinolate compounds, isothiocyanates and sulforaphane, are diminished by boiling but are better preserved by steaming, microwaving or stir-frying. Broccoli is a particularly rich source of vitamin C and vitamin K. Broccoli resembles cauliflower, which is a different but closely related cultivar group of the same Brassica species. The mass of flower heads is surrounded by leaves. Broccoli has large flower heads, usually dark green, arranged in a tree-like structure branching out from a thick stalk which is usually light green. Broccoli is classified in the Italica cultivar group of the species Brassica oleracea. italica) is an edible green plant in the cabbage family (family Brassicaceae, genus Brassica) whose large flowering head, stalk and small associated leaves are eaten as a vegetable. For other uses, see Broccoli (disambiguation).īroccoli ( Brassica oleracea var.
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